Black Carbon: Identifying the necessary conditions for Arctic transport of smoke from U.S. fires.

This project is a joint venture between AirFire and Sonoma Technology, Inc. done in collaboration with the NWCG Smoke Committee and the EPA.

Status

Work is underway using seed funds from the USFS S&PF and Research.  

JFSP Proposal

A proposal was submitted to the JFSP for consideration on 01/31/2010.  Please contact Sim Larkin if you need a copy of the proposal. 

Proposal References

A full list of the JFSP Proposal References is presented here:

• Ashbaugh, L.L., W.C. Malm, and W.Z. Sader (1985) A residence time probability analysis of sulfur concentrations at Grand Canyon National Park, Atmos. Environ., 19, 1263-1270.
• Bey, I., D. J. Jacob, R. M. Yantosca, J. A. Logan, B. D. Field, A. M. Fiore, Q. B. Li, H. Y. Liu, L. J. Mickley, and M. G. Schultz (2001), Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D19), 23,073–23,095.
• Brock, C.A. (1990)  Microphysical, chemical and meteorological aspects of aerosol hazes in the arctic.  PhD dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 1990.
• Brown, J., O.J. Ferrians Jr., J.A. Heginbottom, and E.S. Melnikov. 1998. revised February 2001. Circum-Arctic map of permafrost and ground-ice conditions. Boulder, CO, USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/ggd318.html.
• Brown S.G., Frankel A., Raffuse S.M., Roberts P.T., Hafner H.R., and Anderson D.J. (2007) Source apportionment of fine particulate matter in Phoenix, AZ, using positive matrix factorization. J. Air and Waste Manag. Assoc.  57, 741-752.
• Chen, Y., Q. B. Li, J. T. Randerson, E. A. Lyons, R. A. Kahn, D. L. Nelson, and D. J. Diner (2009), The sensitivity of CO and aerosol transport to the temporal and vertical distribution of North American boreal fire emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6559-6580.
• Chin, M., P. Ginoux, S. Kinne, O. Torres, B. Holben, B. N. Duncan, R. V. Martin, J. A. Logan, A. Higurashi, and T. Nakajima (2002), Tropospheric aerosol optical thickness from the GOCART model and comparisons with satellite and sunphotometer measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 461–483.
• Draxler, R.R.; Hess, G.D. Description of the HYSPLIT 4 Modeling System; ERL ARL-224; Technical Memorandum by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Silver Spring, MD, 1997.
• Flanner, M.G., C.S. Zender, J.T. Randerson, P.J. Rasch (2007), Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow. J. Geophys. Res. 112, D11202, doi:10.1029/2006JD008003.
• Hansen, J., and L. Nazarenko (2004), Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 101, 423-428, doi:10.1073/pnas.2237157100.
• Hegg, D. A., S.G. Warren, T.C. Grenfell, S.J. Doherty, T.V. Larson, A.D. Clarke (2009), Source attribution of black carbon in Arctic snow, Environ. Sci. & Technol., 43(11), 10.1021/es803623f , 4016-4021.
• Heald, C. L., D. J. Jacob, R. J. Park, B. Alexander, T. D. Fairlie, R. M. Yantosca, and D. A. Chu (2006), Transpacific transport of Asian anthropogenic aerosols and its impact on surface air quality in the United States, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14310, doi:10.1029/2005JD006847.
• Jacob, D. J. et al. (2009), The ARCTAS aircraft mission: Design and execution, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 17073-17123, 2009.
• Jacobson, M.Z. (2004), Climate response of fossil-fuel and biofuel soot: Accounting for soot’s feedback to snow and sea ice albedo and emissivity, J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2004JD004945.
• Jacobson, M. Z., T. C. Bond, V. Ramanathan, C. Zender, and J. Schwartz (2007).  Hearing examines Black Carbon and Global Warming, House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Testimony. http://tinyurl.com/yz2jesv
• Kalnay et al., (1996).  The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-470.
• Koch, D., and J. Hansen (2005), Distant origins of Arctic black carbon: A Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D04204, doi:10.1029/2004JD005296.
• Li, Q. B. et al. (2002), Transatlantic transport of pollution and its effects on surface ozone in Europe and North America, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 10.1029/2001JD001422.
• Liang, Q., L. Jaeglé , and J. M. Wallace (2005), Meteorological indices for Asian outflow and transpacific transport on daily to interannual timescales, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D18308, doi:10.1029/2005JD005788.
• Liu, H., D. J. Jacob, I. Bey, and R. M. Yantosca (2001), Constraints from 210Pb and 7Be on wet deposition and transport in a global three-dimensional che- mical tracer model driven by assimilated meteorological fields, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12,109–12,128.
• McConnell, J.R., R. Edwards, G.L. Kok, M.G. Flanner, C.S. Zender, E.S. Saltzman, J. Ryan Banta, D.R. Pasteris, M.M. Carter, J.D.W. Kahl (2007), 20th-Century industrial black carbon emissions altered Arctic climate forcing, Science 317, 1381-1384.
• Mesinger, F., G. DiMego, E. Kalnay, K. Mitchell, P. C. Shafran, W. Ebisuzaki, D. Jovic, J. Woollen, E. Rogers, E. H. Berbery, M. B. Ek, Y. Fan, R. Grumbine, W. Higgins, H. Li, Y. Lin, G. Manikin, D. Parrish, and W. Shi. (2005) North American Regional Reanalysis, Bull. Am. Met. Soc., 87, 3, 343-360
• Overpeck, J. et al. (2006), Paleoclimatic evidence for future ice-sheet instability and rapid sea-level rise, Science, 311, 1747-1750, doi:10.1126/science.1115159.
• Park, R. J., D. J. Jacob, M. Chin, and R. V. Martin (2003), Sources of carbonaceous aerosols over the United States and implications for natural visibility, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 4355, doi:10.1029/2002JD003190, 2003.
• Quinn, P.K., T.S, Bates, E. Baum, N. Doubleday, A.M. Fiore, M. Flanner, A. Fridlind, T.J. Garrett, D. Koch, S. Menon, D. Shindell, A. Stohl, and S.G. Warren (2008), Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 1723-1735.
• Shindell, D.T. and G. Faluvegi (2009), Climate response to regional radiative forcing during the twentieth century, Nat. Geosci., 2, 294-300.
• Shindell, D.T. et al. (2008), A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 5353-5372.
• Stohl, A., and P.Siebert (1998), Accuracy of trajectories as determined from the conservation of meteorological tracers.  Q.J.Roy. Met. Soc. 124, 1465-1484.
• Stohl, A., E. Andrews, J. F. Burkhart et al. (2006), Pan-Arctic enhancements of light absorbing aerosol concentrations due to North American boreal forest fires during summer 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D22214, doi:10.1029/2006JD007216
• Stohl, A.  (2006), Characteristics of atmospheric transport into the Arctic troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., III, D11306, doi:10.1029/2005JD068888.
• Urbanski, S.P., W.M. Hao, and S.P. Baker. (2008). Chemical composition of wildland fire emissions. in: Wildland Fires and Air Pollution, Elsevier Ser., Developments in Environmental Science, vol, 8, edited by A. Bytnerowicz et al., 79-107.
• Van der Werf, G. R., J. T. Randerson, L. Giglio, G. J. Collatz, P. S. Kasibhatla, and A. F. Arellano (2006), Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3423–3441.
• Walcek, C. J., R. A. Brost, and J. S. Chang (1986), SO2, sulfate and HNO3 deposition velocities computed using regional landuse and meteorological data, Atmos. Environ., 20, 949–964.
• Warneke C., Bahreini, R., Brioude, J., Brock, C. A., de Gouw, J. A., Fahey, D. W., Froyd, K. D., Holloway, J. S., Middlebrook, A., Miller, L., Montzka, S., Murphy, D. M., Peischl, J., Ryerson, T. B., Schwarz, J. P., (2009), Biomass burning in Siberia and Kazakhstan as an important source for haze over the Alaska Arctic in April 2008.  GRL, 36, L02813, doi:10.1029/2008GL035194, 6pp.
• Zender, C.S. 2007  Arctic climate effects of black carbon.  Written testimony to the Oversight and Government Reform Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, October 18, 2007